- This has been the basic economic strategy until the summer of 2022, with varying results in the different countries of the European Union.
- Spanish economic growth is expected to be around 4% by the end of 2022, with the forecast (European Commission, June 2022) that the pre-pandemic GDP will be recovered in the second half of 2023. The Spanish government has lowered its GDP growth forecast for 2023 to around 2.7%.
